The Mühlhausen law book, one of the oldest legal texts in the German language, documented Jewish inhabitants in the imperial city of Mühlhausen around 1220. A synagogue was mentioned in writing around 1380. The building that can be visited today was built from 1840 onwards, was desecrated on 9 November 1938 and handed over to the Thuringian Jewish Community after 1945. Efforts to preserve the building were crowned with its rededication in November 1998. The synagogue and community hall are used for religious services.

As part of the event "Tacheles mit Simson" (Tacheles with Simson), the Tourist Information Mühlhausen offers a 30-minute guided tour of the Mühlhausen synagogue. Participation is free of charge.  Pre-registration for the tour is requested by calling 03601 40 47 70.